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Empress Liu (Li Maozhen's wife)
Empress Liu (劉皇后, personal name unknown) (877–November 8, 943〔(Academia Sinica Chinese-Western Calendar Converter ).〕〔(''Examination and Explanation of the Tombstone Text of Lady Liu, Wife of Li Maozhen, Wife of Tang's Prince of Qin'' ).〕), formally Lady Dowager Xiande of Qin (秦國賢德太夫人), was the wife of Li Maozhen, the only ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Qi. During Li Maozhen's reign as the independent Prince of Qi, she carried the title of empress (even though he never assumed the title of emperor). After he later submitted as the vassal of the new Later Tang, she became known as the Lady of Qin, and later Lady Dowager of Qin after his death.
== Lack of records in official histories ==
Nothing was said about Empress Liu's identity in the official histories of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period — the ''History of the Five Dynasties'' and the ''New History of the Five Dynasties''. What was mentioned was that after the destruction of the preceding Tang Dynasty, Li Maozhen continued to use Tang's era name to show refusal to submit to Later Liang and continued to use the Tang-bestowed title of Prince of Qi. However, he took on much of the trappings of an emperor, including creating an Office of the Prince of Qi that had a large staff and many offices that had imperial government-like titles and creating his wife (who was not named) empress. No other reference was made in his biography in the two official histories about his wife.〔''History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 132.〕〔''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 40.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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